It is a sampling error to use marine mammal vestigial parts as evidence for evolution.

I note many public evolutionists, Prothero  and Shermer and many others  always stress the cases of vestigial parts in marine mammals as evidence for evolutionary biology.

Yet in reality this is a sampling error that in fact makes the opposite case against evolution.

I agree marine mamnmals once were land lovers and only later gained features to surbvve in the water. Not the impossible steps said by evolutionists, as Berlinski demonstrates, but some other mechanism.

Anyways evolutionists persusde themselves, and try to persuade others, that the real changes found in marine mammals proves creatures changed greatly and by Darwins method.

Yet the great truth is that for all the living and fossil biology  that is observed at least 99%% has no vestigial features whatsoever. If all biology evolved then all biology should be crawling with remaining bits but in fact its a great missing anatomy. There are no vestigial bits save in very few special cases like marine mammals.

Therefore if evolutionists use these few cases to make the evolution case then in strict sampling disipline they actually make the opposite case. If finding a few vestigial bits is to prove evolution then the glorious ascence makes the true case that evolution didn’t happen because it should be that vestigial bits are the norm and not the exception.

So i propose its a sampling error to say vestigial bits of marine mammals prove evolution and in fact it must be proving the opposite.

I think this is a good point unless someone can show otherwise.

 

 

404 thoughts on “It is a sampling error to use marine mammal vestigial parts as evidence for evolution.

  1. petrushka,

    No, petrushka- today’s intelligence is the result of many generations of genetic entropy. It isn’t the originally designed intelligence.

  2. CharlieM: You say this as if you know it as a fact. Please provide your evidence.

    Here are a few that I happen to have handy. I could find dozens more with a little search. Of course you won’t believe any of it, so it isn’t clear why I should bother.

    Geisler J.H., Uhen M.D. Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003; 23:991-996.

    Gingerich P.D., ul Haq M., Zalmout I.S., Khan I.H., Malkani M.S. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: Hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science 2001; 293:2239-2242.

    Shedlock A.M., Milinkovitch M.C., Okada N. SINE evolution, missing data, and the origin of whales. Systematic Biology 2000; 49:808-817.

  3. petrushka: Science is descriptive, not prescriptive.

    There’s more to life than science.

    Though I have no doubt that if someone could profit from your scenario, they would attempt it. People made poison gas as soon as chemistry discovered how, H-Bombs as soon was we figured out how.

    True.

    Actually, it would seem that increased brain size has made it possible for individuals to experience depression and dread, which are among the most extreme forms of pain. People who tolerate physical pain kill themselves due to depression or dread.

    So the Designer who favored intelligence did so in a way that maximizes the potential for pain.

    How do you know what this purported Designer did or didn’t do? How do you know that the potential for pain has been maximized? How do know that there are not beings with vastly higher consciousness than humans who suffer much more pain than you are capable of dreaming about and they can do nothing about it because that is just the way it is?

  4. Frankie:
    How can we test the claim that marine mammals once were land lovers and only later gained features to survive in the water?

    The simplest way is by phylogenetic analysis. If marine mammals are embedded within clades of terrestrial mammals (and they are), the clear inference to draw is that they are descended form land mammals. The vestigial bits being discussed here are another kind of clue.

  5. Charlie, I’m simply not interested in your pain problem. There is more to life than science, but currently no better way to figure out how things work.

    No better way to feed people or to prevent disease or to cure disease. No better way to forecast the long term consequences of having more and more healthy people. No better way to prevent overpopulation or overuse of resources.

    My cursory reading of the bible provides me with numerous examples where feeding people and comforting the afflicted and healing the sick are presented as good and morally desirable things. Science is good at these things. Better than prayer or faith. By its fruits you know science is a Talent to be invested and not hoarded away out of fear.

  6. John Harshman: The simplest way is by phylogenetic analysis. If marine mammals are embedded within clades of terrestrial mammals (and they are), the clear inference to draw is that they are descended form land mammals. The vestigial bits being discussed here are another kind of clue.

    Wait, that is the same way I would go about determining the common design tree for any particular sequence, protein or group of organisms (like Linne did is systema naturae).

    How do you test the claim that the morphological changes can be accounted for by genetic changes? Why is it even after mapping many genomes we cannot put that map to the territory? 😉 That is we can’t say what genes say “make a fish eye” as opposed to “make a human eye”. People do say it is the sum of the genome that does that but that claim is never tested.

    ”The scientist enjoys a privilege denied the theologian. To any question, even one central to his theories, he may reply “I’m sorry but I do not know.” This is the only honest answer to the question posed by the title of this chapter. We are fully aware of what makes a flower red rather than white, what it is that prevents a dwarf from growing taller, or what goes wrong in a paraplegic or a thalassemic. But the mystery of species eludes us, and we have made no progress beyond what we already have long known, namely, that a kitty is born because its mother was a she-cat that mated with a tom, and that a fly emerges as a fly larva from a fly egg- geneticist Giuseppe Sermonti

    Assuming common descent and then making a tree to confirm it is not a test of the concept.

  7. Allan Miller:
    John Harshman,

    I particularly like the SINE stuff. Hard to refute, though I’ve had fun watching some try.

    So the SINE stuff can’t be a common design feature?

    Yes, DNA influences development but there isn’t any evidence it determines what will develop.

  8. John Harshman: Here are a few that I happen to have handy. I could find dozens more with a little search. Of course you won’t believe any of it, so it isn’t clear why I should bother.

    Geisler J.H., Uhen M.D. Morphological support for a close relationship between hippos and whales. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2003;23:991-996.

    Gingerich P.D., ul Haq M., Zalmout I.S., Khan I.H., Malkani M.S. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: Hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science 2001;293:2239-2242.

    Shedlock A.M., Milinkovitch M.C., Okada N. SINE evolution, missing data, and the origin of whales. Systematic Biology 2000;49:808-817.

    I don’t know why you think I won’t believe any of it. Why wouldn’t I think that hippos and whales could be closely related? They are both mammals after all.
    From Kenyan fossils show evolution of hippos

    By comparing the characteristics of fossil teeth with those of ruminants, suoids, hippos and fossil anthracotheres (an extinct family of ungulates), the scientists reconstructed the relationships between these groups. The results show that Epirigenys forms a kind of evolutionary transition between the oldest known hippo in the fossil record (about 20 million years ago) and an anthracothere lineage. This position in the tree of life is compatible with the genetic data, confirming that the cetaceans are the hippos’ closest living cousins.

    This kind of discovery may one day enable scientists to draw a picture of the common ancestor of cetaceans and hippos. Indeed, analysis of Epirigenys (28 million years old) has linked today’s hippos to a lineage of anthracotheres, the oldest of which date back about 40 million years. However, until now, the earliest known ancestor of the hippos was about 20 million years old, while the first fossils of cetaceans are 53 million years old. The time gap between today’s hippos and the oldest cetaceans is thereby filled by nearly 75% according to the present scenario.

    Well that doesn’t contradict anything I wrote. From my point of view whales may have returned to the water as they evolved but this may not be necessarily so. But it doesn’t help you so well with your attempt at providing evidence. You are convinced that whales definitely evolved from land dwellers and so you provide what you say is evidence to that effect. But the known ancestors of hippos date back to 40 million years ago and the oldest fossil cetaceans are 53 million years old. From this you may tell me that they are sisters or cousins but all you can do is spectulate about their common origins. How can you tell if their common ancestor came from the land or the sea?

  9. As I understand it, ALL of the close relatives of cetaceans are land mammals. So that’s strongly suggestive. Also, as noted, cetaceans have some physiological characteristics at some point in their lives which makes a lot of sense as a land mammal (for walking around in a gravity field), but no sense for a common ancestor that was never terrestrial.

    Then there are shared characteristics like the need to breathe air.

    What all these things do is make a “return to the sea” narrative simpler and more plausible. They also suggest geologic times and geographic places where a possible partly-aquatic ancestor might be found. And sure enough, as I recall fossils of exactly such a critter have been found in strata dating to when this process happened.

    Beyond some reasonable limit, evidence becomes moot. I saw it written that OJ’s jurors acquitted because they WANTED to acquit. If there had been 50 witnesses, they’d have decided it was mass hypnosis. If there had been videos of the murders, they’d have decided they were doctored. If OJ confessed on the stand, they’d believe he was coerced into it somehow.

    In the words of Richard Dawkins, for the True Believer, ” no evidence, no matter how overwhelming, no matter how all-embracing, no matter how devastatingly convincing, can ever make any difference.”

  10. Flint,

    Appeal to emotion and special pleading is exactly what is expected from pseudoscience.

    Do you think that just any genetic change caused the changes necessary to get a cetacean starting from a land mammal? I ask because if it requires specific changes then you are asking quite a bit of blind and mindless processes. Durrett and Schmidt, in an attempt ot refute some claim of Behe, showed how long it would take to rebuild a binding site- a mere binding site- if it took two mutations, specific mutations- to do so. So if it requires continued coordinated hits then NS, drift and neutral changes are minor players and evolution by design the only possibility. HOWEVER we don’t even have a mechanism capable of producing the changes required.

  11. Frankie: Wait, that is the same way I would go about determining the common design tree for any particular sequence, protein or group of organisms (like Linne did is systema natural).

    How do you test the claim that the morphological changes can be accounted for by genetic changes? Why is it even after mapping many genomes we cannot put that map to the territory? That is we can’t say what genes say “make a fish eye” as opposed to “make a human eye”. People do say it is the sum of the genome that does that but that claim is never tested.

    “Common design tree” is word salad. There is no reason to suppose that common design (especially if the designer is a deity) would produce any sort of tree structure. Linnaeus tried to find a natural classification, but he had no idea why that classification was a nested hierarchy. The second paragraph would appear to have nothing to do with the question of common descent, so I don’t understand what point you were trying to make.

    Assuming common descent and then making a tree to confirm it is not a test of the concept.

    Yes it is, as long as we find that one tree fits the data much better than other trees. The expectation if the characters didn’t evolve on a tree would be that many trees would be an almost equal fit.

  12. A. natans tread through much the same environment as a croc and yet the croc remained the same and A. natans was off to larger and sleeker things?

    Some things change, some things never change except perhaps at an unnoticeable molecular level. And some have evolved 60-100 times faster than the average vertebrate and have remained virtually the same!- Meet the vole

  13. Frankie:

    Appeal to emotion and special pleading is exactly what is expected from pseudoscience.

    Which is why ID is considered pseudoscience.

    FrankenJoe doesn’t understand ID.

    Do you think that just any genetic change caused the changes necessary to get a cetacean starting from a land mammal?

    Of course not. It was the random genetic changes that helped in survival which were selected for and fixed in the population.

    FrankenJoe doesn’t understand evolution.

  14. CharlieM: Well that doesn’t contradict anything I wrote. From my point of view whales may have returned to the water as they evolved but this may not be necessarily so. But it doesn’t help you so well with your attempt at providing evidence. You are convinced that whales definitely evolved from land dwellers and so you provide what you say is evidence to that effect. But the known ancestors of hippos date back to 40 million years ago and the oldest fossil cetaceans are 53 million years old. From this you may tell me that they are sisters or cousins but all you can do is spectulate about their common origins. How can you tell if their common ancestor came from the land or the sea?

    If you refuse to read the papers I cite, I don’t see any reason to keep citing things. You can tell if their common ancestor came from the land because the whales are one branch on a big tree, the rest of which is on land. The fossil ages have nothing to do with it. Whales are mammals, eutherians, laurasiatherians, artiodactyls, etc., meaning that they are many branches deep in the middle of a land mammal radiation. And the land mammal radiation is many branches deep in an amniote radiation; all land animals. Before that we get a tetrapod radiation. There really is no room for doubt on this score.

  15. John Harshman,

    “Common design tree” is word salad.

    Only to the uneducated. To me it is an observation and an experience. I see it with computers, cars, planes, houses, etc. It is inevitable with designs that need to play together or do similar things.

    There is no reason to suppose that common design (especially if the designer is a deity) would produce any sort of tree structure.

    Other than to control a very complex design. A tree is exactly what we build with networks and network rights. It is easy to control that way.

    Linnaeus tried to find a natural classification, but he had no idea why that classification was a nested hierarchy.

    Of course he did- it was based on a common design, ie a common archetype

    The second paragraph would appear to have nothing to do with the question of common descent, so I don’t understand what point you were trying to make.

    It says the concept is untestable and no one knows how to test it. It gives the reason for that. So yes, it has something to do with it

    Evolution would be OK with any pattern.

  16. Frankie: So the SINE stuff can’t be a common design feature?

    Yes, DNA influences development but there isn’t any evidence it determines what will develop.

    No. SINEs are junk DNA. They do nothing other than get inserted in random places in the genome. They don’t even code for the proteins that insert them. And yes, there is good evidence that DNA determines what will develop; everything we know about development tells us that the differences between species are genetic, and that differences in development depend on differences in DNA sequences.

  17. John Harshman,

    That is your opinion. They could be spacers so the genes line up correctly once coiled. And no, there isn’t any evidence that DNA determines what develops. We have known that for some time. The differences between species of the same Genus is genetic, yes. The difference between chimps and humans is not. Only personal bias says that it is

  18. John Harshman,

    To understand the challenge to the “superwatch” model by the erosion of the gene-centric view of nature, it is necessary to recall August Weismann’s seminal insight more than a century ago regarding the need for genetic determinants to specify organic form. As Weismann saw so clearly, in order to account for the unerring transmission through time with precise reduplication, for each generation of “complex contingent assemblages of matter” (superwatches), it is necessary to propose the existence of stable abstract genetic blueprints or programs in the genes- he called them “determinants”- sequestered safely in the germ plasm, away from the ever varying and destabilizing influences of the extra-genetic environment.

    Such carefully isolated determinants would theoretically be capable of reliably transmitting contingent order through time and specifying it reliably each generation. Thus, the modern “gene-centric” view of life was born, and with it the heroic twentieth century effort to identify Weismann’s determinants, supposed to be capable of reliably specifying in precise detail all the contingent order of the phenotype. Weismann was correct in this: the contingent view of form and indeed the entire mechanistic conception of life- the superwatch model- is critically dependent on showing that all or at least the vast majority of organic form is specified in precise detail in the genes.

    Yet by the late 1980s it was becoming obvious to most genetic researchers, including myself, since my own main research interest in the ‘80s and ‘90s was human genetics, that the heroic effort to find information specifying life’s order in the genes had failed. There was no longer the slightest justification for believing there exists anything in the genome remotely resembling a program capable of specifying in detail all the complex order of the phenotype. The emerging picture made it increasingly difficult to see genes as Weismann’s “unambiguous bearers of information” or view them as the sole source of the durability and stability of organic form. It is true that genes influence every aspect of development, but influencing something is not the same as determining it. Only a small fraction of all known genes, such as the developmental fate switching genes, can be imputed to have any sort of directing or controlling influence on form generation. From being “isolated directors” of a one-way game of life, genes are now considered to be interactive players in a dynamic two-way dance of almost unfathomable complexity, as described by Keller in The Century of The Gene- Michael Denton “An Anti-Darwinian Intellectual Journey”, Uncommon Dissent (2004), pages 171-2

    That is what the evidence has said for decades

  19. Frankie:

    That is what the evidence has said for decades

    Well no, it’s what the ID-Creationists have said for decades. But then again The ID-Creationists are well know for saying stupid unsupported things.

  20. Frankie:
    John Harshman,

    . And no, there isn’t any evidence that DNA determines what develops. We have known that for some time.

    Of course, there is a large, active, and growing branch of science dedicated to the fact that DNA determines what develops.

    Your denials range from implausible to gobsmacking pants-on-fire hilarious;

  21. Frankie,

    I don’t think you have thought very much or very deeply about what you’re saying. You’re just tossing out sound bites, and I’m afraid they’re all word salad. It’s hard to try to discuss anything with you.

  22. Frankie:
    John Harshman,
    That is what the evidence has said for decades.

    The bit you quote is true, but it doesn’t mean what you think. Yes, the genome is one part of a complex interaction among DNA sequences, RNAs, proteins, various non-protein molecular signals, and physical processes. But nevertheless, what differs among species is in the genome. In that sense, the genome is what controls development.

    And that has nothing to do with whether there is common descent.

  23. Frankie:
    John Harshman,
    That is your opinion. They could be spacers so the genes line up correctly once coiled. And no, there isn’t any evidence that DNA determines what develops. We have known that for some time. The differences between species of the same Genus is genetic, yes. The difference between chimps and humans is not. Only personal bias says that it is

    It isn’t my opinion. It’s what is clear from basic biology. No, they couldn’t be spacers. They get inserted in random spots different spots in different taxa and in the middle of otherwise nearly identical sequences. What makes you think the difference between humans and chimps isn’t genetic? What evidence is there for that?

  24. John Harshman:
    Frankie,

    I don’t think you have thought very much or very deeply about what you’re saying. You’re just tossing out sound bites, and I’m afraid they’re all word salad. It’s hard to try to discuss anything with you.

    Welcome to the wacky world of uber ID-Creationist Frankie / Joe G / Virgil Cain / ID Guy 🙂

  25. Adapa:
    If not evolution then what is your alternate explanation for the observed vestigial features of marine mammals?

    Not the thread but other mechanisms. Just like to explain peoples looks.

  26. GlenDavidson:
    Why do juvenile baleen whales grow teeth that they never use?

    Makes sense evolutionarily, not from design.

    I know Robert is a kind of hyper-evolutionist, so my point is to actual IDists/creationists, not the strange super-evolutionary (but only within phyla?Classes?) claims of Byers.

    Glen Davidson

    It makes sense from a creationist stance also. The creatures going into the sea would affect many details and have memory of previous anatomical lives.
    yet the big point here is about probability.
    vestigial features are almost none existent when they should be the norm of evolution had happened to biology. The few cases show its a special case and are wrongly used to sample biology for evidence of evolution of traits.

  27. Robert Byers
    vestigial features are almost none existent when they should be the norm of evolution had happened to biology.

    Why? Please provide evidence for this claim.

  28. GlenDavidson:
    Oh, and I’d like to see any credible scientist who thinks that vestigial organs ought to be the norm.Under Robert’s hyper-evolution that seems likely, but not with real evolutionary time and change.

    Glen Davidson

    why not and why not so much even if not the norm? why not the norm?
    If it was the norm evolutionism would love it and say AHA creationists. Look at this.
    Well we look at nothing!
    Just as vestigial bits remain then they should remain for all.
    Getting rid of vestigial bits would not be a purpose of evolution. So getting rid of them would never be so clean and perfect. As if they never existed.

  29. Robert Byers: why not and why not so much even if not the norm? why not the norm?
    If it was the norm evolutionism would love it and say AHA creationists. Look at this.
    Well we look at nothing!
    Just as vestigial bits remain then they should remain for all.
    Getting rid of vestigial bits would not be a purpose of evolution. So getting rid of them would never be so clean and perfect. As if they never existed.

    Byers do you even know what vestigial means?

  30. Flint:
    What counts as a vestigial feature, exactly? Don’t most organisms have “broken genes” (pseudogenes) which can be considered “vestigial features” by this same reasoning?

    A feature has got to be something you can touch. The whole point of vestigial bits being used by evolutionists is to prove creatures anatomical lives changed.
    So anatomy bits is the point here. Not genes.
    Where are they?

  31. Adapa:
    Robert, you say this above

    I agree marine mamnmals once were land lovers and only later gained features to surbvve in the water.

    What additional vestigial features do you think marine mammals should have that they don’t possess, and why?

    cute but my thread first.
    Okay.
    Since i would see these creatures changing from innate mechanisms and not step by step evolution then I don’t need expect vestigial bits remaining. so iot would only be a carelessness , as such, that bits remain. marine mammals are only having a few bits or cases of newly born kids showing bits.
    A clean sweep can be expected from a real mechanism in biology.
    YET in evolutions stepism its impossible vestigial bits are not the norm.
    In fact even in marine mammals its so little.
    Yet evolutionists use marine mammals to sample biology as evidence for evolution.
    Its poor sampling or great sampling if evolution is not true.

  32. John Harshman:
    I think it should be a requirement to initiate a post that the writer at least be able to write a clear, coherent sentence and organize a series of them into a coherent statement. Reactions?

    Its about ideas and not good writing. One should follow the logic of the idea by paying attention. its better to have better writing but I don’t write well.
    You don’t understand the concept I propose?
    Why not?

  33. GlenDavidson:
    By the way, I have no idea why Byers thinks that vestigial organs are just found in marine mammals.Platypus juveniles grow teeth that they never use, snakes have vestigial pelvic bones (functional, I believe, but hardly what one would design for that function), and many birds grow claws on their wings during development, only to lose them again.We have a coccyx made of tail vertebrae that is rather suboptimal for its function as a muscle attachment.These are just off the top of my head.

    This is not for Byers, who will stick with his “creationist” beliefs regardless of what anyone posts.It’s for any naive reader who might suppose that Byers was writing from a base of actual knowledge, however poor his writing.

    Glen Davidson

    I do know and said relative to biology its very few.
    Yopu are making my case. you seek more but thats the point. there are so few relative to the group of life.
    how much percentage do you think there should be?
    I think 98% or better should have lots of vestigial bits in them.
    not .00001% having one or three bits.
    where are they.
    What case is being made by pointing out vestigial bits if the opposite point is made better?

  34. Robert Byers: cute but my thread first.
    Okay.
    Since i would see these creatures changing from innate mechanisms and not step by step evolution then I don’t need expect vestigial bits remaining. so iot would only be a carelessness , as such, that bits remain. marine mammals are only having a few bits or cases of newly born kids showing bits.
    A clean sweep can be expected from areal mechanism in biology.
    YET in evolutions stepism its impossible vestigial bits are not the norm.
    In fact even in marine mammals its so little.
    Yet evolutionists use marine mammals to sample biology as evidence for evolution.
    Its poor sampling or great sampling if evolution is not true.

    First you say evolution should leave lots of vestigial features.

    Then you say evolution should erase them all and leave none.

    You just directly contradicted yourself. Do you have the slightest clue what you’re arguing?

  35. John Harshman to Frankie:
    Yes, the genome is one part of a complex interaction among DNA sequences, RNAs, proteins, various non-protein molecular signals, and physical processes. But nevertheless, what differs among species is in the genome. In that sense, the genome is what controls development.

    Stephen Talbott has this to say in Genes and Organisms: Improvising the Dance of Life

    You can hardly turn around today without hearing from this or that biologist or philosopher that we have gone beyond old, narrow conceptions of genes as the makers of organisms. And ours is indeed a time of great and bracing change — change, even, that portends revolution. Yet genes are still almost universally regarded among evolutionary theorists as the true bearers of destiny within the organism, which is why “genetic” remains an entrenched, if thoroughly improper, synonym for “heritable”. In other words, the gene is still honored as the one intrinsic factor truly definitive for the life of the organism. Full implications of the fact that organisms live their lives as irreducible wholes remain largely ignored and even taboo.

    He has written many other thought provoking articles on the subject Here is an excerpt from one but it is worth reading in full:

    Selection, after all, requires organisms that grow, develop, compete, prepare an inheritance, produce offspring, and otherwise pursue their seemingly intentional and well-directed lives, judiciously improvising all the way. These are the very activities that raise the question of mindfulness. So how does weaving the lives of many such organisms into the infinitely complex narratives of natural selection explain this mindfulness?

    Many biologists are content to dismiss the problem with hand-waving: “When we wield the language of agency, we are speaking metaphorically, and we could just as well, if less conveniently, abandon the metaphors”.

    Yet no scientist or philosopher has shown how this shift of language could be effected. And the fact of the matter is just obvious: the biologist who is not investigating how the organism achieves something in a well-directed way is not yet doing biology, as opposed to physics or chemistry. Is this in turn just hand-waving? Let the reader inclined to think so take up a challenge: pose a single topic for biological research, doing so in language that avoids all implication of agency, cognition, and purposiveness.

    One reason this cannot be done is clear enough: molecular biology — the discipline that was finally going to reduce life unreservedly to mindless mechanism — is now posing its own severe challenges. In this era of Big Data, the message from every side concerns previously unimagined complexity, incessant cross-talk and intertwining pathways, wildly unexpected genomic performances, dynamic conformational changes involving proteins and their cooperative or antagonistic binding partners, pervasive multifunctionality, intricately directed behavior somehow arising from the interaction of countless players in interpenetrating networks, and opposite effects by the same molecules in slightly different contexts. The picture at the molecular level begins to look as lively and organic — and thoughtful — as life itself.

    The genome is not the controller, it is that which is being controlled.

  36. Byers, one post

    Just as vestigial bits remain then they should remain for all.
    Getting rid of vestigial bits would not be a purpose of evolution.

    Byers, two posts later

    I don’t need expect vestigial bits remaining. so iot would only be a carelessness , as such, that bits remain. marine mammals are only having a few bits or cases of newly born kids showing bits.
    A clean sweep can be expected from areal mechanism in biology.

    It’s Robert Byers. What else need be said?

  37. Allan Miller: There is no particular rule relating to loss of an anatomic part. On the evolutionary paradigm, if it existed in the past, it is reasonably assumed to have had survival value, and there is no consistent likelihood that parts with survival value be lost right across the board, contrary to your expectation. Only if there were a substantial change of mode would the pressure change – for example land to acquatic, or move from a flying to a land-based lifestyle. And if the pressure changes, then rapid loss could well be promoted by evolution, if the vestige not only lost its benefit but carried a cost.

    So the evolutionary tendency would be against widespread vestiges, but those that occur would tend to correlate with a significant change in mode from the assumed ancestor. Which is pretty much what you get.

    Well i’m saying two points here.
    FIRST its a sampling error of evolutionists to point out THE FEW cases of vestigial bits as proving evolution to audiences. they do this all the time. YET if the few are to prove THEN the 99% absence, logically, proves the opposite. For not only are they not there but they should be there on the same reasons for the few that are.
    Probability here is in question and poor sampling.

    Second.
    There are rules in these things.
    Evolution does not have a purpose to fget rid of all remnants and every last bit of former vestigial anatomical status. Your side can say evolution must get rid of a problem but once its fixed its done. The marine mammals keep bits that evolutionists say they didn’t need to get rid of or reuse.
    Yet the clean sweep you say evolution predicts is impossible without a purpose to do so.
    There is no reason that all biology should not be crawling with bits in its biology that has evolved from this to that and so many times.
    Evolution does have to say vestigial bits only remain for some use. otherwise just leftover bits should be the norm.
    Yet they should be the norm if evolution had happened.
    You can’t say so easyily evolution has a goal to get rid of leftover anatomy or anything in bodies.
    I’m sure you don’t but then it would not at all be possible to see a clean sweep.

  38. Robert Byers:
    FIRST its a sampling error of evolutionists to point out THE FEW cases of vestigial bits as proving evolution to audiences. they do this all the time. YET if the few are to prove THEN the 99% absence, logically, proves the opposite.

    (facepalm) It’s not the total numbers or percentages that are the evidence. It’s the fact vestigial features are found AT ALL which is evidence animals like marine mammals weren’t designed “as is” from scratch.

    Second.
    There are rules in these things.
    Evolution does not have a purpose to fget rid of all remnants and every last bit of former vestigial anatomical status. Your side can say evolution must get rid of a problem but once its fixed its done. The marine mammals keep bits that evolutionists say they didn’t need to get rid of or reuse.
    Yet the clean sweep you say evolution predicts is impossible without a purpose to do so.
    There is no reason that all biology should not be crawling with bits in its biology that has evolved from this to that and so many times.
    Evolution does have to say vestigial bits only remain for some use. otherwise just leftover bits should be the norm.
    Yet they should be the norm if evolution had happened.
    You can’t say so easyily evolution has a goal to get rid of leftover anatomy or anything in bodies.
    I’m sure you don’t but then it would not at all be possible to see a clean sweep.

    Christ. Now he’s back to saying there should be lots of vestigial features.

    I know, I know. It’s Byers. Don’t expect anything coherent or intelligible.

  39. dazz:
    If only there weren’t other lines of evidence, like whales being genetically a lot more similar to hypos than any fish… Look at the big picture, combine all the evidence and the only way to explain whales having bones that resemble thoseof land mammals is evolution.

    Evolution is consistent at explaining all the facts. Creationists need to explain away each fact with a different ad-hoc explanation… or the epitome of the non-explanations, namely “God wanted it that way”

    I agree marine mammals were first land creatures that only took to the empty seas in a post flood world.likewise bats were first rats and only after the flood became fliers.
    Yet these are tiny tiny cases.
    The truth of their change is not proof of evolution and is not accuarate sampling of biology in making a case for evolution.
    In fact theyt make the opposite casse. The rareness of evidence in creatures for change in body plans.

  40. Frankie:
    How can we test the claim that marine mammals once were land lovers and only later gained features to survive in the water?

    By observing all the features of marine mammals one is forced to see they share general traits with land creatures. Since there are only kinds then these general features are the result of general local needs. So air breathing demands marine mammals first lived on the land.
    Then other things like cases of them born with full legs, I think I heard that, and so on. Testing is the wrong word. Its accumulation of data that forces a conclusion..

    They are abscent from the fossil record below the k-t line. Which for may YEC is the flood line. The seas were first filled with all kinds of monsters that would make it difficult for marine mammals. so on.

  41. Robert Byers: I agree marine mammals were first land creatures that only took to the empty seas in a post flood world.likewise bats were first rats and only after the flood became fliers.

    Then why are the fossilized remains of the early proto-whales and fully aquatic but extinct whales always found in sediment that YECs claim was Flood-laid? Why do we find fossilized early proto-bats in the same supposed Flood sediment?

    What mechanism caused the land dwelling whale ancestors and non-flying bats to make such dramatic anatomical changes in just 4500 years?

  42. CharlieM,

    Sigh. I see you are incapable of clarity or of anything other than a sort of fuzzy-minded poetry. Note that “gene” and “genomic sequence” are two different things. It’s differences in the genomes that are relevant for differences in all the complicated interactions. If you disagree, suggest an example.

  43. Adapa
    I ususally post day by day and also I might miss you if you post too quick.

    I’m saying vestigial bits are missing where they should be IF evolution had taken place. So its wrong sampling for evolutionists to say the FEW bits found in some creatures PROVES evolution. In fact if this WAS the proof, vestigial bits remaining, then it would be proof against evolution by accuare sampling.

    Then I also say there should be vestigial bits galore in all biology ioF evolution had taken place.
    I’m saying two things in my thread at least.
    Its skewered sampling and its impossible vestigial bits would not be everywhere in bodies evolving forever in all of biology.

  44. Does everyone agree with me evolutionists WRONGLY use marine mammals/others vestigial bits of former anatomical body types asa sample of biological beings in making a case for evolution??

    its only a other point that vestigial bits should be the norm in biology and not the 0.00001% exceptions iF evolution was true.

    no hijacking my thread for some of ’em.

  45. Frankie,

    That is your opinion. They [SINEs] could be spacers so the genes line up correctly once coiled.

    No they couldn’t. You get massive variation even within a species with respect to their SINEs and flanking sequences. This would argue against function, since they are reasonably assumed to be entirely ‘optional’ at any given site.

    Indeed (as I know you have been told numerous times) this variation in transpositional sequence forms the basis of much forensic and legal DNA testing in humans. Something you presumably accept while simultaneously rejecting the same evidence when it comes to cetartiodactyla, presumably because the elements are fixed in their higher-level taxonomic groups.

    So, a few 300-bp SINEs are ‘spacer’ in hippos and cetaceans but not required in ruminants or pigs. Another small set is in hippos, cetaceans and ruminants but not pigs. And so on, in a decidely hierarchical pattern. Not very likely at all – particularly since you can’t do much spacing with 300 base pairs in a 1-3,000,000,000 bp genome. It’s nonsense.

  46. Robert Byers,

    Does everyone agree with me evolutionists WRONGLY use marine mammals/others vestigial bits of former anatomical body types asa sample of biological beings in making a case for evolution??

    No. If a vestige is morphologically connected to a more complete feature, it is evidence for evolution. There could be other causes, the direction could be reversed – it’s a rudiment not a vestige – but evolution is certainly supported by such structures.

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